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#1
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The foloowing link will give you information that will make you more
informed. There are several other links there, enough to keep you busy for a very long time. It's why I don't take much stock in the hysteria over Global warming. http://meteo.lcd.lu/globalwarming/ Check out the scorecard for the predictions the loonies have been making. Remember, the same conditions that are supposed to be causing GW, were supposed to be causing Global Cooling during the 70's. |
#2
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This is one of my favorites:
In a recent issue of Climatic Change (vol. 37, p. 390), Curt Covey and Martin I. Hoffert make the following comments: "Rather, the test should be whether a theory is false. As Sir Karl Raimund Popper, philosopher of science and developer of the doctrine of falsibility, put it. 'our belief in any particular natural law cannot have a safer basis than our unsuccessful critical attempts to refute it' (Popper, 1979). So far, the climate models used by the IPCC have passed this falsibility test." (Note: this section was mostly written in1997-98.) As our "Greenhouse Warming Scorecard" shows, the IPCC models are false in many ways. Let's just highlight a few things where the models disagree with observations: 1.The models predict the recent warming due to greenhouse gases should occur equally during the day and night. Observations show most of the warming is occurring at night, so the observations falsify the models. A discussion of the diurnal temperature range (DTR) can be found here. The changes in DTR are caused by changes in surface properties rather than atmospheric properties. Removal of this non-climatic effect reduces the warming of the twentieth century from 0.6 C to about 0.3 C. The climate models get a warming which when plotted versus time and compared to observations appear to parallel each other, but this parallelism is only superficial and does not confirm the models. 2.Several models now published have model global temperatures and measured temperatures paralleling each other over time remarkably well. These models "explain" the warming to 1940 by anthropogenic carbon dioxide, the cooling from 1940 to 1970 by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, and resumed warming from 1970 to the present by the anthropogenic carbon dioxide warming again become dominant. These models make an implicit unstated (and frankly bizarre) assumption that without these anthropogenic forcings, the natural climate would have been perfectly flat for 100+ years. No century has ever had such a stable climate, but for the anthropogenic forcing models to work, this assumption must be made. The probability of a flat background natural climate is less than 1 in a million; hence, the statistical significance of these apparently successful models is also less than 1 in a million. 3.Many of the climate models predict that cloud cover should be decreasing (while at the same time they the total water content of the atmosphere is increasing), and, in fact, such a cloud cover decrease is crucial to amplify the greenhouse effect so it becomes the "enhanced" greenhouse effect. On the other hand, for any of the models to have a chance at explaining the diurnal temperature variations, they must invoke increases in cloud cover such that they decrease the predicted global warming by a factor of 5 to 6. 4.The models predict that the global annual cycle of temperatures should have decreased by 0.5 to 1.1 C during this century if greenhouse gases are forcing climate change. Measurements show only a 0.1 C decrease, thus invalidating the greenhouse warming hypothesis. 5.The models attribute the cooling from about 1940 to 1970 to sulfate aerosols. The quantity of aerosols they used are not based upon measurements, but are themselves model results. One prediction of this model is a maximum amount of aerosols in central Europe. Observations of atmospheric transmission in Davos Switzerland, right in the middle of the region where the model maximum in sulfates presumably existed, show no change in atmospheric transmission, contrary to the IPCC predictions. Observations in Belgium, Ireland, and other locations also falsify the IPCC modeled amounts of sulfate aerosols. 6.The models predict sulfate aerosols will cause a cooling forcing of 0.6 to 0.9 W/m2. Actual field measurements of the scattering properties of sulfate aerosols show that the models overestimate their cooling potential by a factor of 3 to 5. These measurements falsify the model's radiative treatment of sulfates and show that the cooling from 1940 to 1970 cannot be attributed to anthropogenic aerosols. 7.The models neglect to include soot particles, which warm. Measurements show that the warming by soot offsets any cooling by sulfates, particularly in urban regions. These measurements falsify the models treatment of anthropogenic aerosols, because the models are incomplete. One cannot just select certain portions of reality to build a model, while neglecting other portions of reality, and then call the model true. 8.The models predict a warming of about 0.35 C per decade in the mid-troposphere. MSU satellites, radiosonde thermistor, and radiosonde pressure transducers show a warming of about 0.08 C (1979-2003), thus falsifying the IPCC models. Furthermore, radiosonde observations for 1958-2001 show the temperatures are virtually identical for 1958 and 2001 (Seidel et al., 2004). 9.The models predict a warming of 1.0 to 3.0 C should have occurred in the polar regions between 1940 and now. Thermometer measurements show a cooling over this time period for the arctic as a whole, thus falsifying the models. Proxy measurements also show about a 0.3 to 0.4 C cooling for this interval. Alaska has warmed, but this is probably caused by a change in oceanic and atmospheric circulation called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which alone does not confirm, nor deny, the IPCC models. 10.The models predict the phase of the global annual cycle of temperatures should have shifted by minus 1.7 days in the twentieth century. Observations show a phase shift of +0.8 days, opposite in sign to what the models predict, thus falsifying the IPCC models. 11.The models predict a 0.50 cm/yr rise in sea level. The TOPEX/POSEIDEN observations show a 0.25 cm/yr rise (through 2003), providing no solid confirmation of the IPCC models. These eleven tests all falsify the IPCC climate models. There are many additional ways the models fail, some of which are covered in the scorecard. A common feature of these falsifications is that the models tend to overestimate signals by a factor of 3 to 10. This suggests the predicted warming of 2.5 C for a doubling of greenhouse gases will really be between 0.25 and 0.8 C. http://www.warwickhughes.com/hoyt/scorecard.htm |
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