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#1
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small-diaphragm condenser question
hello everyone,
some small-d condensers like Earthworks have *really* small diaphragms. and other "measurement" mics are also often very small in this way. i would think those small mics would lose bass response. because in a loudspeaker, you need a big woofer to produce the low end. so how does a tiny little mic like that capture low end? the spec sheets show that those things measure flat way down into the 30hz range or even down to 10hz. i just don't understand the physics of it. |
#2
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wrote:
some small-d condensers like Earthworks have *really* small diaphragms. and other "measurement" mics are also often very small in this way. Yes, especially if they are pressure microphones. i would think those small mics would lose bass response. because in a loudspeaker, you need a big woofer to produce the low end. No, with a loudspeaker, you need a lot of area to move air. With a microphone, you're only detecting the position of the air, you don't have to actually move anything. The only thing you lose with a tiny diaphragm (on an omni) is S/N. so how does a tiny little mic like that capture low end? the spec sheets show that those things measure flat way down into the 30hz range or even down to 10hz. i just don't understand the physics of it. For the most part, the low end corner on any pressure mike is just due to the electronics. My old B&K 2615 mikes are flat down to 2 Hz, and they'd be flatter yet if the electronics could deal with it. --scott -- "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis." |
#3
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Scott Dorsey wrote: wrote: some small-d condensers like Earthworks have *really* small diaphragms. and other "measurement" mics are also often very small in this way. Yes, especially if they are pressure microphones. i would think those small mics would lose bass response. because in a loudspeaker, you need a big woofer to produce the low end. No, with a loudspeaker, you need a lot of area to move air. With a microphone, you're only detecting the position of the air, you don't have to actually move anything. The only thing you lose with a tiny diaphragm (on an omni) is S/N. so how does a tiny little mic like that capture low end? the spec sheets show that those things measure flat way down into the 30hz range or even down to 10hz. i just don't understand the physics of it. For the most part, the low end corner on any pressure mike is just due to the electronics. My old B&K 2615 mikes are flat down to 2 Hz, and they'd be flatter yet if the electronics could deal with it. It's not usually that the electronics "can't" handle extreme LF, but that they are *designed* not to. This is so that microphones don't pass super LF energy that can't be heard but creats havoc later in the signal chain. Also, most microphone capsules are vented one way or the other (a small pinhole, or through a specifically designed mechanical component that "leaks" air). This is so the characteristics of the capsule don't change with barometric pressure or a change in altitude (the same thing). This is only true of pressure mics, since directional mics by nature are already vented. Only a few specific measurement mic capsules (B&K, MG, etc.) go below a few hertz but there are some that go down to .5 Hz... and they use the same electronics as the units that go "only" down to 10Hz. Karl Winkler Lectrosonics, Inc. http://www.karlwinkler.com |
#4
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some small-d condensers like Earthworks have *really* small diaphragms. and other "measurement" mics are also often very small in this way. i would think those small mics would lose bass response. because in a loudspeaker, you need a big woofer to produce the low end. ** That is a completely false comparison: A microphone diaphragm responds by moving in sympathy with the air pressure variations going on at the spot WHERE it is positioned !!! It does not have to create sound energy or project sound waves into the environment !! so how does a tiny little mic like that capture low end? the spec sheets show that those things measure flat way down into the 30hz range or even down to 10hz. i just don't understand the physics of it. ** In the case of a condenser mic's *capsule*, the diaphragm's excursion about its rest position translates directly into output voltage. IOW - output voltage at any instant is proportional to the diaphragm's displacement from zero. The movement is not frequency dependant but follows only the actual SPL at the surface on the ultra light diaphragm. ( Note: I said *capsule* - since the following pre-amp will have a low frequency response limit of its own. ) This is quite unlike a bass loudspeaker where the cone's excursion must become greater and greater as the frequency gets lower ( four times for each octave ) in order for the radiated SPL to remain constant. This is why larger cones make more bass, they do not have to move as far for the same SPL output as a smaller one. For a dynamic mic, diaphragm excursion increases as the frequency goes lower, however it only doubles for each octave - but the diaphragm no longer moves in sympathy with the air pressure variations below the resonant frequency created by the diaphragm's mass/stiffness and the air volume it encloses. So dynamics have an inherent low frequency roll off. ........... Phil |
#6
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"T Maki" so how does a tiny little mic like that capture low end? Why don't you need a huge radio to receive the signal from WABC, or WLS, or KMOX, or KFI? The answer is in there...(sort of a skewed analogy, but along the same lines.) ** Or even more appropriate: How big is a tympani ?? How big is your ear drum ?? ............ Phil |
#7
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On Sun, 19 Jun 2005 13:03:59 +1000, "Phil Allison"
wrote: ** In the case of a condenser mic's *capsule*, the diaphragm's excursion about its rest position translates directly into output voltage. IOW - output voltage at any instant is proportional to the diaphragm's displacement from zero. The movement is not frequency dependant but follows only the actual SPL at the surface on the ultra light diaphragm. ( Note: I said *capsule* - since the following pre-amp will have a low frequency response limit of its own. ) For a dynamic mic, diaphragm excursion increases as the frequency goes lower, however it only doubles for each octave - but the diaphragm no longer moves in sympathy with the air pressure variations below the resonant frequency created by the diaphragm's mass/stiffness and the air volume it encloses. So dynamics have an inherent low frequency roll off. Perhaps a better way to say it is that output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. So, linear translation of pressure into voltage occurs for condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and for dynamic mics below their working range. In both cases, the diaphram must accurately follow instantaneous pressure differentials across itself. Diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency per se, or to generator characteristics. Chris Hornbeck |
#8
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"Chris Hornbeck" = a KING SIZE criminal public menace Phil Allison ** In the case of a condenser mic's *capsule*, the diaphragm's excursion about its rest position translates directly into output voltage. IOW - output voltage at any instant is proportional to the diaphragm's displacement from zero. The movement is not frequency dependant but follows only the actual SPL at the surface on the ultra light diaphragm. ( Note: I said *capsule* - since the following pre-amp will have a low frequency response limit of its own. ) For a dynamic mic, diaphragm excursion increases as the frequency goes lower, however it only doubles for each octave - but the diaphragm no longer moves in sympathy with the air pressure variations below the resonant frequency created by the diaphragm's mass/stiffness and the air volume it encloses. So dynamics have an inherent low frequency roll off. Perhaps a better way to say it is that output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. ** The average punter has no concept of "velocity" when it comes to audio frequencies. Answers must only contain ideas familiar to the audience. So, linear translation of pressure into voltage occurs for condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and for dynamic mics below their working range. ** Never say "linearity" when you really mean "linear frequency response" . Only a posturing **** does that. In both cases, the diaphragm must accurately follow instantaneous pressure differentials across itself. ** Utterly ambiguous. Diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency per se, ** It ****ing well is you posturing, autistic, bloody imbecile. or to generator characteristics. ** Spew inducing gobbledegook. ............ Phil Chris Hornbeck |
#9
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#10
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thanks, Mr. Rivers.
is the noise typically a broadband "hiss" or is it more of a hum? i'm going to be getting either a pair of DPA's or Earthworks or Schoeps (if they make a small-d omni), just wondering what the typical noise culprit is for these mic types. |
#11
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In article .com,
wrote: i'm going to be getting either a pair of DPA's or Earthworks or Schoeps (if they make a small-d omni), just wondering what the typical noise culprit is for these mic types. That's a VERY broad range of prices and quality there. There are basically two noise sources at work here... the noise of the FET itself, which is 1/f noise and so mostly low-end rumble, and the Brownian noise of the air molecules knocking around inside the capsule. The Brownian noise is Gaussian. As the capsule gets smaller, Brownian noise problems get more significant but so does the 1/f noise. These days the Brownian noise gets worse faster, though. Mikes with cheap FET-IC front ends have another noise source... they use the leakage of a diode fabricated on the surface of the FET in place of an expensive and large leak resistor. With those mikes, the leakage noise is often the most significant noise source. Almost anything with a cheap prepackaged electret capsule with an integral FET will have this problem. This noise is more irregular-sounding than Gaussian noise... in some way it kind of sounds to me like bias rocks on a tape recorder. --scott -- "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis." |
#12
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#13
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"Phil Allison" wrote in message ... "Chris Hornbeck" = a KING SIZE criminal public menace Phil Allison ** In the case of a condenser mic's *capsule*, the diaphragm's excursion about its rest position translates directly into output voltage. IOW - output voltage at any instant is proportional to the diaphragm's displacement from zero. The movement is not frequency dependant but follows only the actual SPL at the surface on the ultra light diaphragm. ( Note: I said *capsule* - since the following pre-amp will have a low frequency response limit of its own. ) For a dynamic mic, diaphragm excursion increases as the frequency goes lower, however it only doubles for each octave - but the diaphragm no longer moves in sympathy with the air pressure variations below the resonant frequency created by the diaphragm's mass/stiffness and the air volume it encloses. So dynamics have an inherent low frequency roll off. Perhaps a better way to say it is that output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. ** The average punter has no concept of "velocity" when it comes to audio frequencies. Answers must only contain ideas familiar to the audience. So who said you were the audience? So, linear translation of pressure into voltage occurs for condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and for dynamic mics below their working range. ** Never say "linearity" when you really mean "linear frequency response" . Only a posturing **** does that. 'scuse me? I can't see the word "linearity" in what was written - perhaps you should go and get tested for dyslexia? In both cases, the diaphragm must accurately follow instantaneous pressure differentials across itself. ** Utterly ambiguous. Actually, it's a little idealised (it assumes a massless diaphragm, rather like "assume a perfectly spherical cow" or an inexensible string), but reflects the behaviour of a diaphragm in a variant pressure environment. Diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency per se, ** It ****ing well is you posturing, autistic, bloody imbecile. Certainly it's related to absolute sound pressure, not frequency *alone* - otherwise there'd be no difference in excursion with SPL? or to generator characteristics. ** Spew inducing gobbledegook. Well, I've gone trippy-trap, trippy-trap across your bridge, I suppose I'd better tell you that the next billy goat gruff is bigger and fatter and tastier than me ) Dave H. (Who used to develop studio mic's for a living once upon a time, in a land far, far away) ........... Phil |
#14
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On Sun, 19 Jun 2005 05:33:26 GMT, Chris Hornbeck
wrote: Perhaps a better way to say it is that output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. So, linear translation of pressure into voltage occurs for condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and for dynamic mics below their working range. In both cases, the diaphram must accurately follow instantaneous pressure differentials across itself. Diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency per se, or to generator characteristics. After correction by my betters, I need to revise my wording: Output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. Two models give frequency- invariant pressure-voltage response: pressure sensitive condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and velocity sensitive dynamic mics with their fundamental resonance below their working range. Many real mics find either extreme too tough a criterion, and have fundamental resonances within the working range. Life's a bear; then it eats you. And, for completeness, diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency in any way, or to any characteristics of the electrical generating mechanism. It ain't a speaker. Thanks for the Insurrection, and now back to the freeway, which is already in progress......... Chris Hornbeck |
#15
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"Dave H." = ****ing meathead "Phil Allison" "Chris Hornbeck" = a KING SIZE criminal public menace Phil Allison ** In the case of a condenser mic's *capsule*, the diaphragm's excursion about its rest position translates directly into output voltage. IOW - output voltage at any instant is proportional to the diaphragm's displacement from zero. The movement is not frequency dependant but follows only the actual SPL at the surface on the ultra light diaphragm. ( Note: I said *capsule* - since the following pre-amp will have a low frequency response limit of its own. ) For a dynamic mic, diaphragm excursion increases as the frequency goes lower, however it only doubles for each octave - but the diaphragm no longer moves in sympathy with the air pressure variations below the resonant frequency created by the diaphragm's mass/stiffness and the air volume it encloses. So dynamics have an inherent low frequency roll off. Perhaps a better way to say it is that output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. ** The average punter has no concept of "velocity" when it comes to audio frequencies. Answers must only contain ideas familiar to the audience. So who said you were the audience? ** No-one - you asinine dickwad. The OP is the "audience". So, linear translation of pressure into voltage occurs for condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and for dynamic mics below their working range. ** Never say "linearity" when you really mean "linear frequency response" . Only a posturing **** does that. 'scuse me? I can't see the word "linearity" in what was written - ** The term " liner translation " = linearity - you boring, autistic ass. In both cases, the diaphragm must accurately follow instantaneous pressure differentials across itself. ** Utterly ambiguous. Actually, it's a little idealised ** It is "ambiguous" in context since it is off on some tangent to the subject. Diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency per se, ** It ****ing well is you posturing, autistic, bloody imbecile. Certainly it's related to absolute sound pressure, not frequency *alone* - otherwise there'd be no difference in excursion with SPL? ** Irrelevant crap. Well, I've gone trippy-trap, trippy-trap across your bridge, ** You had nothing to contribute - **** off, you schizo turd. ................ Phil |
#16
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Chris Hornbeck After correction by my betters, I need to revise my wording: ** You need a revised brain - ASSHOLE !!! ( snip old hat stuff) And, for completeness, diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency in any way, ** The only thing complete about that claim is how COMPLETELY ASININE it is !!!!!! or to any characteristics of the electrical generating mechanism. It ain't a speaker. ** The relationship is one of simple fact. Because dynamic mics use an electo magnetic voltage generator, diaphragms must excurt proportionally more at lower frequencies to maintain the same output. Conderser mic ( capsules) use diaphragm position sensing via varying capacitance, so output voltage replicates the excursions made by the diaphragm. Chris Hornbeck ** Do the planet a big favour Hornbeck - top yourself now. ................ Phil |
#17
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On Mon, 20 Jun 2005 14:30:06 +1000, "Phil Allison"
wrote: Because dynamic mics use an electo magnetic voltage generator, diaphragms must excurt proportionally more at lower frequencies to maintain the same output. Have you heard of the term "ex post facto"? If not, you're going to love it. Conderser mic ( capsules) use diaphragm position sensing via varying capacitance, so output voltage replicates the excursions made by the diaphragm. Yeah, sure. Not following you here... ** Do the planet a big favour Hornbeck - top yourself now. The colloquilism is lost on me; sorry. Would be very interested in your alternative model, though. This is 101 stuff. Extraordinary claims otherwise really should include some detail. Chris Hornbeck 1700? Impeach. |
#18
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"Scott Dorsey" i'm going to be getting either a pair of DPA's or Earthworks or Schoeps (if they make a small-d omni), just wondering what the typical noise culprit is for these mic types. There are basically two noise sources at work here... the noise of the FET itself, which is 1/f noise and so mostly low-end rumble, ** WRONG - noise generated by a FET is only partly 1/f and mostly plain white noise. The circa 1 Gohm resistors used for DC polarising and to bias the FET's gate are far and away the MAIN source of noise in a condenser mic pre-amp. This is good old " Johnson " noise that every resistor has - and it is also WHITE noise. The capacitance of the mic's capsule filters the noise generated by these resistors - with a 6 dB / octave slope - converting it into RED oise - not to be confused with 1/f noise from the FET's gate junction. So, the noise spectrum from a condenser mic pre-amp is RED at low and mid frequencies becoming WHITE at high frequencies where FET generated WHITE noise takes over from Gohm resistor noise. and the Brownian noise of the air molecules knocking around inside the capsule. ** Air molecule noise is a minor contributor to total condenser mic noise - easily proved by placing one in a vacuum. As the capsule gets smaller, Brownian noise problems get more significant but so does the 1/f noise. ** As the capsule gets smaller, so does its capacitance and output voltage level. The smaller capacitance filters the Gohm resistor noise less well and the lower output further diminishes the mic's s/n ratio. These days the Brownian noise gets worse faster, though. ** Huh - air is noisier than it once was ?? You really have to stop confabulating garbage like this Dorsey. You are just as bad as that Stamler ASS - with his phoney capacitor measurements. ............... Phil |
#19
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Karl Winkler wrote:
It's not usually that the electronics "can't" handle extreme LF, but that they are *designed* not to. This is so that microphones don't pass super LF energy that can't be heard but creats havoc later in the signal chain. When I get live remote feeds this happens all the time, low energy I can't hear in my audio room making the compressor/limiter pump in a way that does not help intelligibility. And analog filters aren't perfect in slicing out the energy below the roll off point either.... Will Miho NY Music and TV Audio Guy Staff Audio/Fox News/M-AES "The large print giveth and the small print taketh away..." Tom Waits |
#20
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"Chris Horn" A schizophrenic as well as an autistic moron. Get to hell and stay there !!!! .................. Phil |
#21
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Phil Allison wrote: ................. Phil http://thingy.apana.org.au/~fun/fsckhead.html Bob -- "Things should be described as simply as possible, but no simpler." A. Einstein |
#22
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http://thingy.apana.org.au/~fu=ADn/fsckhead.html
Or you could just look that term up in the dictionary and see Phil's picture. VB (gotta admit though that Phil's "go to hell and stay there" reply did make me giggle.... usually just going to hell is harsh enough.) |
#23
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#24
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"Phil Allison" wrote in message ... Perhaps a better way to say it is that output voltage is related linearly to displacement in condenser mics and to velocity in dynamic mics. ** The average punter has no concept of "velocity" when it comes to audio frequencies. Answers must only contain ideas familiar to the audience. So who said you were the audience? ** No-one - you asinine dickwad. The OP is the "audience". So, linear translation of pressure into voltage occurs for condenser mics with their mass/compliance resonance above their working range, and for dynamic mics below their working range. ** Never say "linearity" when you really mean "linear frequency response" . Only a posturing **** does that. 'scuse me? I can't see the word "linearity" in what was written - ** The term " liner translation " = linearity - you boring, autistic ass. In both cases, the diaphragm must accurately follow instantaneous pressure differentials across itself. ** Utterly ambiguous. Actually, it's a little idealised ** It is "ambiguous" in context since it is off on some tangent to the subject. Diaphragm excursion is *not* related to frequency per se, ** It ****ing well is you posturing, autistic, bloody imbecile. Certainly it's related to absolute sound pressure, not frequency *alone* - otherwise there'd be no difference in excursion with SPL? ** Irrelevant crap. Well, I've gone trippy-trap, trippy-trap across your bridge, ** You had nothing to contribute - **** off, you schizo turd. ............... Phil LOL - the quality of trolls has really fallen, hasn't it? At least my contribution wasn't the ravings of a foul-mouthed fool without even a chance of contributing anything meaningful or useful to the thread - not that I've ever seen anything meaningful or useful contributed by your fair hand (it is your *hand* you type with, isn't it?). I must say that your language isn't likely to convince anyone that you have any contribution to make to intelligent discourse (whereas Chris certainly has), serving only to warn other posters and readers that you must be a little lacking in knowledge of the subject at hand (' Never say "linearity" when you really mean "linear frequency response" ' you said - the poster wasn't discussing frequency response, but the transfer function between sound pressure and voltage - may I suggest you enroll for a course of Physics 101 and at least try to find out a little about the subject?). You come across as someone who has a lot of deep-seated anger, which I can only assume is a result of your intense self-loathing, and you seem to enjoy haranguing your betters from the safety of your PC - I wonder if you're as unpleasant in person; if you are I anticipate that the gene-pool is safe, as you've no chance of breeding and spreading your inadequacy. Honestly, it hurts just to try to think down to your level. Regards Dave H. P.S. You might consider therapy, you'd be a far happier person without the outpourings of bile, and living in Hell as you do must make every day a living misery. |
#25
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Phil Allison wrote:
you boring, autistic ass. Anyone catch the recent Salon article on autism and thimerosal? When a study revealed that mercury in childhood vaccines may have caused autism in thousands of kids, the government rushed to conceal the data -- and to prevent parents from suing drug companies for their role in the epidemic. http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/06/16/thimerosal/ |
#26
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Dave H. wrote: P.S. You might consider therapy, you'd be a far happier person without the outpourings of bile, and living in Hell as you do must make every day a living misery. Actually the more recent thinking on the sociopathic/psychopatic personality disorder is that the person truly does believe in their superiority, that their abusive behavior is honest contempt rather than a compensation for feelings of inadequacy, that they have a pathologically large ego rather than one screaming for existence, that they are quite satisfied with themselves and that their anger derives from frustration with the inability of others to acknowledge their clear superiority. That's the reason it is an untreatable disorder. The last thing such an individual wants is to be cured of his/her superiority. Bob -- "Things should be described as simply as possible, but no simpler." A. Einstein |
#27
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"Dave H." = yet another cretinous, autistic moron "Phil Allison" ** You had nothing to contribute - **** off, you schizo turd. LOL - the quality of trolls has really fallen, hasn't it? ** You have nothing to contribute - **** off. If you want to suck Chris Hornbeck's cock - do so privately. ................ Phil |
#28
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"SSJVCmag" ** Get to hell and stay there !!!! ............. Phil |
#29
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In article ,
"Phil Allison" wrote: "SSJVCmag" ** Get to hell and stay there !!!! ............ Phil Not getting any, huh, Phil? You know, you might have a vicious circle kind of thing going there. On the other hand, it might keep your DNA out of the gene pool, for the benefit of future generations... -- Brendan Doyle |
#31
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"Brendan Doyle" ** Another Hornbeck cock sucker comes out of the woodwork. ............ Phil |
#32
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Bob Cain wrote in
: Actually the more recent thinking on the sociopathic/psychopatic personality disorder is that the person truly does believe in their superiority, that their abusive behavior is honest contempt rather than a compensation for feelings of inadequacy, that they have a pathologically large ego rather than one screaming for existence, that they are quite satisfied with themselves and that their anger derives from frustration with the inability of others to acknowledge their clear superiority. That's the reason it is an untreatable disorder. The last thing such an individual wants is to be cured of his/her superiority. One can only wonder why you have such a personal preoccupation with sociopathic/psychopathic personality disorder, and why it is your defamatory accusation of choice. Perhaps these and other psychological disorders which you attribute to others are in fact a bit closer to home than you would care to admit. |
#33
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Bob Cain wrote in
: http://thingy.apana.org.au/~fun/fsckhead.html Bob Looks to me like a pretty good portrait of you, Bob. |
#34
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#35
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Wow, Bob, you have a whacko stalker. I'm impressed; that's
real Hollywood street cred. All I get is this T-shirt drool. Way to be, Chris Hornbeck 1700? Impeach. |
#36
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"SSJVCmag" ** Another ****ing schizoid. The studio business is crawling with them. ............ Phil |
#37
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Chris Hornbeck wrote: Wow, Bob, you have a whacko stalker. I'm impressed; that's real Hollywood street cred. All I get is this T-shirt drool. Way to be, Yeah, I'm a made man. :-) Bob -- "Things should be described as simply as possible, but no simpler." A. Einstein |
#38
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bobfan wrote: One can only wonder why you have such a personal preoccupation with sociopathic/psychopathic personality disorder, Well, I have this wingnut stalker who once went by the name Gary Sokolich. That has given me the motivation to put some time into learning more about it. It's pretty easy to spot when you know what to look for. Bob -- "Things should be described as simply as possible, but no simpler." A. Einstein |
#39
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On Mon, 20 Jun 2005 19:09:46 -0700, Bob Cain
wrote: Yeah, I'm a made man. :-) "A man needs a made" -Neil Young (hope he forgives me) Chris Hornbeck "'Cause secretly I'm timid." -Liz Phair |
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