"flipper"

The "chance" of the pair being within tolerance is 100%. Well, if the
individuals are within tolerance, as specified, that is.


** Correct.


The tolerance number assumes nothing;
they'll simply be within 1% ...

** WRONG.

New Metal Film resistors are and need to be well within the 1% error maximum
to allow for aging.


You can still
end up with 1% off and that's all a 1% tolerance says:


** Nope - the chances of being even 0.5 % are low with new stock.



For example, take
a resistor line that includes .1%, .5%, and 1% tolerance ranges.
It is not uncommon for those to be selected from the same manufacturing
process so the .1% resistors are culled out first, then the .5%, and
then the remaining are 1%.


** Completely false.

Metal film resistors of 0.1 % tolerance are made in a different way to
guarantee stability over life of 0.05%.


Lastly, to cover the subsequent message, tolerance is the initial
tolerance, at 25C, as delivered to your doorstep and before you begin
torturing the thing. Everything else, solder, lead stress, temperature
coefficient, long term drift, surge, voltage stress, temperature
cycling, etc. are in addition to the initial tolerance.


** That is NOT my experience over 40 years of dealing with the critters.

The topic is tubular METAL FILM resistors that have been spiralled to a
value.

Forget any WW or composition types.



.......... Phil